Cryptids: Difference between revisions
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Veljjanoski (talk | contribs) Brocard row: machine reduced to 34 states (BB(34), BBi(66)); links updated |
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! Name !! Behaviour !! [[Busy Beaver Functions|BB Domain]] !! [[Instruction-Limited Busy Beaver|Instructions]] !! Machine !! Date !! Discoverer !! Note | ! Name !! Behaviour !! [[Busy Beaver Functions|BB Domain]] !! [[Instruction-Limited Busy Beaver|Instructions]] !! Machine !! Source !! Date !! Discoverer !! Note | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''[[Logical independence| | |rowspan="3"| '''[[Logical independence|ZFC consistency]]''' | ||
|Halts iff [[wikipedia:Zermelo–Fraenkel_set_theory|Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory]] is inconsistent. | |rowspan="3"| Halts iff [[wikipedia:Zermelo–Fraenkel_set_theory|Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory]] with the Axiom of Choice is inconsistent. | ||
| | |BB(432) | ||
| | | | ||
|[https://codeberg.org/ajwade/turing_machine_explorer/src/branch/main/zf2.tm Wade's machine] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|2025 | |[https://codeberg.org/ajwade/turing_machine_explorer ajwade on codeberg.org] | ||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Aug 2025 | |||
|Wade, based on work by CatIsFluffy and O'Rear | |Wade, based on work by CatIsFluffy and O'Rear | ||
| | |This [[Logical independence#Axiom_of_Choice|also covers ZFC]]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''BB(215)''' | |'''BB(215)''' | ||
|BBi(430) | |||
|[https://github.com/VladimirReshetnikov/ProveIt/blob/main/Computability/BusyBeaver/Research/ZFC/k225-formal/lean215/k215_k230labels.tm Machine code] | |||
|[https://github.com/VladimirReshetnikov/ProveIt/tree/main/Computability/BusyBeaver/Research/ZFC/k225-formal/verification/k215 VladimirReshetnikov on GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |||
|[[wikipedia:Cleo (mathematician)|Vladimir Reshetnikov]] | |||
|Machine-checked in Peano-Arithmetic by [https://github.com/elliotglazer/k215-pa Elliot Glazer]. | |||
|- | |||
|'''BB(152,9)''' | |||
'''BB(143,11)''' | |||
'''BB(117,12)''' | |||
|'''BBi(376)''' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/tree/main/zfc_nsymbols calr3 GitHub] | ||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"| | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Nov 2026 | ||
| | |[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | ||
| | |Not independently verified. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''Peano Arithmetic consistency''' | |'''Peano Arithmetic consistency''' | ||
|Halts iff Peano | |Halts iff [[wikipedia:Peano arithmetic|Peano arithmetic]] is inconsistent. | ||
|'''BB(372)''' | |'''BB(372)''' | ||
|'''BBi(742)''' | |'''BBi(742)''' | ||
|https://github.com/LegionMammal978/turing_machine_explorer/blob/main/pa.py | | | ||
|[https://github.com/LegionMammal978/turing_machine_explorer/blob/main/pa.py LegionMammal978 GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|2026 | ||
|LegionMammal | |LegionMammal | ||
| Line 209: | Line 220: | ||
|BB(744) | |BB(744) | ||
| | | | ||
| | |[https://github.com/sorear/metamath-turing-machines/blob/master/machines/2016-riemann-matiyasevich-aaronson-744/riemann.tm Machine code] | ||
|[https://github.com/sorear/metamath-turing-machines/blob/master/machines/2016-riemann-matiyasevich-aaronson-744/riemann.nql metamath-turing-machines GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|2016 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|2016 | ||
|Matiyasevich and O’Rear | |Matiyasevich and O’Rear | ||
| Line 216: | Line 228: | ||
|BB(120) | |BB(120) | ||
|BBi(238) | |BBi(238) | ||
| | |[https://arxiv.org/html/2609.30306v1#A9 Machine code] | ||
|[https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.30306 arxiv] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Sep 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Sep 2026 | ||
|Joseph M. Shunia | |Joseph M. Shunia | ||
| Line 223: | Line 236: | ||
|'''BB(95)''' | |'''BB(95)''' | ||
|'''BBi(189)''' | |'''BBi(189)''' | ||
| | |[https://github.com/google-deepmind/cryptids/blob/main/artifacts/riemann_95/machine.txt Machine code] | ||
|[https://github.com/google-deepmind/cryptids/tree/main/artifacts/riemann_95/ DeepMind GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | ||
|Google DeepMind | |Google DeepMind | ||
|Not independently verified. | |Not independently verified. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="3"|'''Goldbach''' | ||
| rowspan=" | | rowspan="3"|Halts iff [[wikipedia:Goldbach's conjecture|Goldbach's conjecture]] is false | ||
|BB(25) | |BB(25) | ||
|BBi(49) | |BBi(49) | ||
| | |{{WrapTM|Machine code|1RB1RD_1LC1RB_0RA1LC_0LQ1RE_0LF1RG_0LC1LF_0LF0LH_1LQ1LI_0RJ0LI_1RK0LJ_0RL0RS_1RL0RM_1RN1RM_0LO0LU_0LP1LO_1RH1LX_1LR1LQ_0RK0LT_1LR1RS_---1RC_1LV1LU_0LW0LJ_0RK0LW_1RY1LX_1RE1RY|undecided}} | ||
|[https://gist.github.com/anonymous/a64213f391339236c2fe31f8749a0df6 GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|May 2016 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|May 2016 | ||
|anonymous | |anonymous | ||
| Line 239: | Line 253: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''BB(21)''' | |'''BB(21)''' | ||
| | |BBi(41) | ||
| | |{{WrapTM|Machine code|1LJ0RF_0RJ1RD_1RP1LC_---1RE_0LO1RG_1LQ1RF_0RH0LH_0LM1LU_1RB0LI_1RJ0RK_1RL1RK_0LM0LS_1LN1LM_1LO0LC_1LQ1LO_1RD1RP_0RA0LR_0RB1LR_1LT1LS_0LU0LI_0RB0LU|undecided}} | ||
|[https://github.com/google-deepmind/cryptids/tree/main/artifacts/goldbach_21 DeepMind GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | ||
|Google DeepMind | |Google DeepMind | ||
|Not independently verified. | |Not independently verified. | ||
|- | |||
|'''BB(10,6)''' | |||
|'''BBi(34)''' | |||
|{{WrapTM|Machine code|1RD3LB---------5RF_0RD2RC2LB3LB---5RD_0LE2LB2RC3RC2LB5LE_1LD1LI1RD3LB------_0RH1RE1LE4LE1RA1LI_---1RG------------_---1RA------------_---1RH------1RH1LI_1RF5LJ------------_0RF1LJ---------1LJ|undecided}} | |||
|[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/tree/main/goldbach calr3 GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |||
|[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | |||
|Not independently verified. | |||
|- | |||
| '''Fermat prime''' | |||
| Halts if and only if there is a Fermat prime greater than 65537. | |||
| '''BB(25)''' | |||
| '''BBi(44)''' | |||
|{{WrapTM|Machine code|1LB---_1LC---_1LD---_1LE---_1LF---_1LG0LO_0LY0RM_0LF0LI_0LJ1LI_1RK1LJ_0LL0RM_0RG1LL_0RN1RM_1RH1RN_1LP1LO_1RY0LQ_0LR0LQ_0RS1RT_1RS1LY_1RT1RU_0RV0RH_0RV0RW_0LZ1LX_0LX1LY_1LT1LY|undecided}} | |||
|[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/tree/main/fermatprimes calr3 GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |||
|[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | |||
|Includes Lean formalization. Not independently verified. | |||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2"| '''Erdős Ternary Conjecture''' | | rowspan="2"| '''Erdős Ternary Conjecture''' | ||
| Line 250: | Line 282: | ||
| BB(15) <br> '''BB(5,4)''' | | BB(15) <br> '''BB(5,4)''' | ||
| '''BBi(19)''' | | '''BBi(19)''' | ||
| | |{{WrapTM|BB(15) machine|1RB1RO_0RC0RC_0RD1RJ_0LE1RC_0LF1LK_0LG1LE_0LH1LF_1RI0LL_0RB1LK_1RC0RA_0LI1LN_1RM---_0RI0RO_0LK1LK_1LM1RA|undecided}} | ||
{{WrapTM|BB(15) machine|1RB1RO_0RC0RC_0RD1RJ_0LE1RC_0LF1LK_0LG1LE_0LH1LF_1RI0LL_0RB1LK_1RC0RA_0LI1LN_1RM---_0RI0RO_0LK1LK_1LM1RA|undecided}} | |||
{{WrapTM|BB(5,4) and BBi(19) machine|1RB3RA2RA1RB_0LC2RB1RA3RB_0LD1LC2LE3LC_3RE2RE---1RE_0RB1LE2LE3LE|undecided}} | {{WrapTM|BB(5,4) and BBi(19) machine|1RB3RA2RA1RB_0LC2RB1RA3RB_0LD1LC2LE3LC_3RE2RE---1RE_0RB1LE2LE3LE|undecided}} | ||
|[https://docs.bbchallenge.org/other/powers_of_two_15_2.txt bbchallenge], [https://docs.bbchallenge.org/other/powers_of_two_5_4.txt bbchallenge] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Jul 2021 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Jul 2021 | ||
| [[User:Cosmo|Tristan Stérin]] (<code>@cosmo</code>) and Damien Woods | | [[User:Cosmo|Tristan Stérin]] (<code>@cosmo</code>) and Damien Woods | ||
| Erdős #406 is the conjecture that "For all n > 8, there is at least one 2 in the base-3 representation of 2^n." [https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.12475 arxiv preprint] | | Erdős #406 is the conjecture that "For all n > 8, there is at least one 2 in the base-3 representation of 2^n." [https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.12475 arxiv preprint]. The BB(15) machine's behavior has been verified in Lean.<ref>https://github.com/google-deepmind/cryptids/blob/main/Cryptids/Semantics/ErdosTernary15.lean</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''BB(14)''' | | '''BB(14)''' | ||
| BBi(27) | | BBi(27) | ||
| {{WrapTM|Machine code|1LB1RA_1LC1LB_0RD0RA_1LM0RE_1LF1RE_0LJ1LG_1RK0LH_1RI1LH_0LJ0RE_0RD1LJ_0LL1RK_1RN0LC_0LN---_0RK0LM|undecided}} | | {{WrapTM|Machine code|1LB1RA_1LC1LB_0RD0RA_1LM0RE_1LF1RE_0LJ1LG_1RK0LH_1RI1LH_0LJ0RE_0RD1LJ_0LL1RK_1RN0LC_0LN---_0RK0LM|undecided}} | ||
| [https://discord.com/channels/960643023006490684/1561295445312151622/1562203343114473472 Announced on Discord] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | ||
|[[User:Cosmo|Tristan Stérin]] | |[[User:Cosmo|Tristan Stérin]] | ||
| | |Its behavior has been verified in Lean.<ref>https://github.com/google-deepmind/cryptids/tree/main/artifacts/erdos_ternary_14</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Erdős Ternary Conjecture''' variant | | '''Erdős Ternary Conjecture''' variant | ||
| Line 271: | Line 302: | ||
| '''BBi(15)''' | | '''BBi(15)''' | ||
| {{WrapTM|Machine code|1RB2RA1RB3RA_0LC3RB2RB1RA_1RZ1LD2LC3LC_0RA1LD2LD3LD|undecided}} | | {{WrapTM|Machine code|1RB2RA1RB3RA_0LC3RB2RB1RA_1RZ1LD2LC3LC_0RA1LD2LD3LD|undecided}} | ||
| [https://discord.com/channels/960643023006490684/1084047886494470185/1563042146649382983 Announced on Discord] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | ||
|roromachine14 | |roromachine14 | ||
| Not independently verified. | | Not independently verified. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Sloane Ternary Conjecture''' | | '''Sloane Ternary Conjecture''' | ||
| Line 280: | Line 312: | ||
| '''BBi(21)''' | | '''BBi(21)''' | ||
| {{WrapTM|Machine code|2RB2RB1RA3RA_0LC1RB3RB2RA_0LE1LD2LC3LC_0RB1LD2LD3LD_1RD2RD3RD0LF_1RE2RZ------|undecided}} | | {{WrapTM|Machine code|2RB2RB1RA3RA_0LC1RB3RB2RA_0LE1LD2LC3LC_0RB1LD2LD3LD_1RD2RD3RD0LF_1RE2RZ------|undecided}} | ||
| | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | ||
|[[User:Loader3229]] | |[[User:Loader3229]] | ||
| Not independently verified. | | Not independently verified. | ||
|- | |||
| '''Ternary Conjecture''' variant | |||
| Halts if and only if a n such that 17*2^n has no digit 2 in base-3 exists. | |||
| '''BB(15)''' | |||
| '''BBi(29)''' | |||
|{{WrapTM|Machine code|1RB1LB_1LA1RN_0RE1RD_0RC1RC_0LH1RC_0LG1LH_---1LF_1LF0LL_0LJ1LK_0RD1LI_1LI0LL_1LM1LN_0LI0LI_0RO1LL_1LL0LO|undecided}} | |||
| | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |||
|Jacobzheng | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2"| '''Weak Collatz''' | | rowspan="2"| '''Weak Collatz''' | ||
| rowspan="2"|Halts iff the weak Collatz conjecture is false. | | rowspan="2"|Halts iff the weak [[wikipedia:Collatz conjecture|Collatz conjecture]] is false. | ||
|BB(124) <br> BB(43,4) | |BB(124) <br> BB(43,4) | ||
|BBi(121) | |BBi(121) | ||
| | | | ||
https://docs.bbchallenge.org/other/weak_Collatz_conjecture_43_4.txt | |[https://docs.bbchallenge.org/other/weak_Collatz_conjecture_124_2.txt bbchallenge], [https://docs.bbchallenge.org/other/weak_Collatz_conjecture_43_4.txt bbchallenge] | ||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Jul 2021 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Jul 2021 | ||
|[[User:Cosmo|Tristan Stérin]] | |[[User:Cosmo|Tristan Stérin]] | ||
|The weak Collatz conjecture states that the iterated Collatz map (3x+1) has only one cycle on the positive integers (4 -> 2 -> 1 -> 4). Not independently verified | |The weak Collatz conjecture states that the iterated Collatz map (3x+1) has only one cycle on the positive integers (4 -> 2 -> 1 -> 4). This is a weakened version of the usual Collatz conjecture, since it does not exclude the possibility of integers that are not part of any cycle at all. Not independently verified. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''BB(14)''' <br> '''BB(10,3)''' | |'''BB(14)''' <br> '''BB(10,3)''' | ||
|'''BBi(26)''' | |'''BBi(26)''' | ||
|style="word-break:break-word"| | |style="word-break:break-word"|{{WrapTM|BB(14) machine code|1LM0RB_1LC1RB_0LM0LD_1RE1LD_0RF0RB_0LN0LG_1LH1LG_0RK0RI_1RJ1RI_0LN1RF_0RL1RK_0RZ1LC_0RA1LM_1LM1LN|undecided}} | ||
{{WrapTM|BB(14) machine code|1LM0RB_1LC1RB_0LM0LD_1RE1LD_0RF0RB_0LN0LG_1LH1LG_0RK0RI_1RJ1RI_0LN1RF_0RL1RK_0RZ1LC_0RA1LM_1LM1LN|undecided}} | |||
{{WrapTM|BB(10,3) and BBi(26) machine code|2RG0RB---_1LC1RB2LC_0LI0LD2LD_1RE1LD1LF_2RC0RB---_0RJ2RG---_1RH1RG1RH_2LI1RC1RH_0RA1LI1LI_0LI1RJ1RZ|undecided}} | {{WrapTM|BB(10,3) and BBi(26) machine code|2RG0RB---_1LC1RB2LC_0LI0LD2LD_1RE1LD1LF_2RC0RB---_0RJ2RG---_1RH1RG1RH_2LI1RC1RH_0RA1LI1LI_0LI1RJ1RZ|undecided}} | ||
|[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/tree/main/weakcollatz calr3 on GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | ||
|[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | |[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | ||
| Line 308: | Line 351: | ||
| '''BBi(63)''' | | '''BBi(63)''' | ||
|{{WrapTM|Machine code|1RO0RB2RF_1LL1RB2RC_0RC0LD2LI_0LD1LD2LE_1RA1LE0RA_0RF1LG2LM_0LG1LG2LH_0RA1LH0RA_1LI---2LJ_1LK1LJ1LK_1LL1LK---_2RA1LS---_1LM---2LN_0RO1LN2RR_2LW0RP2LJ_1LQ1RP2RP_1RO1LQ2LQ_2LG1RR2RR_0RT0LS0LS_0RT1RT2RU_0LV0RU0RU_0LV---2LW_2LB1LW---|undecided}} | |{{WrapTM|Machine code|1RO0RB2RF_1LL1RB2RC_0RC0LD2LI_0LD1LD2LE_1RA1LE0RA_0RF1LG2LM_0LG1LG2LH_0RA1LH0RA_1LI---2LJ_1LK1LJ1LK_1LL1LK---_2RA1LS---_1LM---2LN_0RO1LN2RR_2LW0RP2LJ_1LQ1RP2RP_1RO1LQ2LQ_2LG1RR2RR_0RT0LS0LS_0RT1RT2RU_0LV0RU0RU_0LV---2LW_2LB1LW---|undecided}} | ||
|[https://discord.com/channels/960643023006490684/1026577255754903572/1259918765437747239 Discord] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Jul 2024 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Jul 2024 | ||
|kg583 | |kg583 | ||
|Not independently verified. | |Not independently verified. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Odd perfect''' | | '''Odd perfect''' | ||
| Line 316: | Line 360: | ||
| '''BB(37)''' | | '''BB(37)''' | ||
| '''BBi(71)''' | | '''BBi(71)''' | ||
|style=" | |[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/blob/main/oddperfect/machines/oddperfect_37.txt Machine code] | ||
|[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/tree/main/oddperfect calr3 GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |||
|[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | |||
|Includes Lean formalization. Not independently verified. | |||
|- | |||
| '''Brocard''' | |||
| Halts iff [[wikipedia:Brocard's problem|Brocard's problem]] <code>n! + 1 = m<sup>2</sup></code> has a solution with <code>n > 7</code>, i.e. beyond the known solutions <code>n = 4, 5, 7</code>. | |||
| '''BB(34)''' | |||
| '''BBi(66)''' | |||
|[https://github.com/veljjanoski/cryptids/blob/brocard-41/artifacts/brocard_34/machine.txt Machine code] | |||
|[https://github.com/veljjanoski/cryptids/tree/brocard-41/artifacts/brocard_34 GitHub] ([https://github.com/google-deepmind/cryptids/pull/27 PR to google-deepmind/cryptids]) | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Nov 2026 | |||
|[https://www.linkedin.com/in/danielveljjanoski Daniel Veljjanoski] | |||
|Keeps <code>n!/8</code> in unary and tests it for triangularity (<code>n! + 1 = m<sup>2</sup></code> forces <code>m = 2k + 1</code>, <code>n!/8 = k(k+1)/2</code>). Includes a Lean formalization (kernel-checked; PR pending).<ref>https://github.com/veljjanoski/cryptids/blob/brocard-41/Cryptids/Semantics/Brocard34.lean</ref> An earlier 61-state machine with a Lean proof is by [[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] ([https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/tree/main/brocard calr3 GitHub], Nov 2026); a 43-state table without a machine-checked proof is in [https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.20215 arXiv:2605.20215]. | |||
|- | |||
| '''Kurepa''' | |||
| Halts if and only if Kurepa's conjecture is false. | |||
| '''BB(38)''' | |||
| '''BBi(65)''' | |||
|[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/blob/main/kurepa/machines/kurepa_38.txt Machine code] | |||
|[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/tree/main/kurepa calr3 GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | ||
|[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | |[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | ||
| Line 325: | Line 390: | ||
| '''BB(60)''' | | '''BB(60)''' | ||
| '''BBi(104)''' | | '''BBi(104)''' | ||
| | |[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/blob/main/sierpinski/machines/sierpinski_60.txt Machine code] | ||
|[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/tree/main/sierpinski/ calr3 GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | ||
|[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | |[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | ||
| Line 334: | Line 400: | ||
| '''BB(68)''' | | '''BB(68)''' | ||
| '''BBi(112)''' | | '''BBi(112)''' | ||
| | |[https://github.com/loader3229/tinycryptids/blob/main/riesel/machines/riesel_min.txt Machine code] | ||
|[https://github.com/loader3229/tinycryptids/tree/main/riesel loader3229 GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | ||
|[[User:Loader3229]] | |[[User:Loader3229]] and DeepSeek | ||
|Includes Lean formalization. Not independently verified. | |Includes Lean formalization. Not independently verified. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 343: | Line 410: | ||
|BB(400) | |BB(400) | ||
| | | | ||
| Not provided. | |||
|''[http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486567232687544 Studies in Turing Machines]'' (1965), pp. 81--82 | |''[http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486567232687544 Studies in Turing Machines]'' (1965), pp. 81--82 | ||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|1965 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|1965 | ||
| Line 350: | Line 418: | ||
| '''BB(90)''' | | '''BB(90)''' | ||
| '''BBi(160)''' | | '''BBi(160)''' | ||
| | |[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/blob/main/fermat/machines/fermat_90.txt Machine code] | ||
|[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/tree/main/fermat calr3 GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | ||
|[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | |[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | ||
| Line 360: | Line 429: | ||
| '''BBi(13)''' | | '''BBi(13)''' | ||
| {{WrapTM|Machine code|0RB1RB_1LC0RA_1RE1LF_1LF1RE_0RD1RD_1LG0LG_---1LB|undecided}} | | {{WrapTM|Machine code|0RB1RB_1LC0RA_1RE1LF_1LF1RE_0RD1RD_1LG0LG_---1LB|undecided}} | ||
| [https://github.com/sligocki/sligocki.github.io/issues/8#issuecomment-2140887228 Bigfoot comment] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"| June 2024 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"| June 2024 | ||
| <code>@Iijil1</code> | | <code>@Iijil1</code> | ||
| Compilation of Bigfoot into 2 symbols, there was a previous [https://github.com/sligocki/sligocki.github.io/issues/8#issuecomment-1774200442 compilation with 8 states]. | | Compilation of Bigfoot into 2 symbols, there was a previous [https://github.com/sligocki/sligocki.github.io/issues/8#issuecomment-1774200442 compilation with 8 states]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''Hydra''' - compiled | | '''Hydra''' - compiled | ||
| Line 369: | Line 439: | ||
| '''BBi(15)''' | | '''BBi(15)''' | ||
|{{WrapTM|Machine code|0RB0LD_1LC0LI_1LD1LB_0LE0RG_1RF0RH_1RA---_0RD0LB_0RA---_0RF1RZ|undecided}} | |{{WrapTM|Machine code|0RB0LD_1LC0LI_1LD1LB_0LE0RG_1RF0RH_1RA---_0RD0LB_0RA---_0RF1RZ|undecided}} | ||
[[File:Hydra_9_states.txt]] | |[[File:Hydra_9_states.txt]] | ||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|June 2024 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|June 2024 | ||
|<code>@Iijil1</code> | |<code>@Iijil1</code> | ||
|Compilation of Hydra into 2 symbols, all [https://discord.com/channels/960643023006490684/1084047886494470185/1253193750486974464 confirmed by Shawn Ligocki]. <code>@Iijil1</code> provided 24 TMs which all emulate the same behavior. | |Compilation of Hydra into 2 symbols, all [https://discord.com/channels/960643023006490684/1084047886494470185/1253193750486974464 confirmed by Shawn Ligocki]. <code>@Iijil1</code> provided 24 TMs which all emulate the same behavior. | ||
<small>[https://discord.com/channels/960643023006490684/1084047886494470185/1251572501578780782 Announced on Discord]. Previous compilation had 10 states, by Daniel Yuan, also [https://discord.com/channels/960643023006490684/1084047886494470185/1247579473042346136 confirmed by Shawn Ligocki].</small> | <small>[https://discord.com/channels/960643023006490684/1084047886494470185/1251572501578780782 Announced on Discord]. Previous compilation had 10 states, by Daniel Yuan, also [https://discord.com/channels/960643023006490684/1084047886494470185/1247579473042346136 confirmed by Shawn Ligocki].</small> | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Beeping Busy Beaver == | == Cryptids for other BB-style functions == | ||
=== Beeping Busy Beaver === | |||
Cryptids were actually noticed in the [[Beeping Busy Beaver]] problem before they were in the classic Busy Beaver. See [[Mother of Giants]] describing a "family" of Turing machines which "[[probviously]]" [[quasihalt]], but requires solving a Collatz-like problem in order to actually prove it. [[Mother of Giants]] are all TMs formed by filling in the missing transition in <code>1RB1LE_0LC0LB_0LD1LC_1RD1RA_---0LA</code> with different values. | Cryptids were actually noticed in the [[Beeping Busy Beaver]] problem before they were in the classic Busy Beaver. See [[Mother of Giants]] describing a "family" of Turing machines which "[[probviously]]" [[quasihalt]], but requires solving a Collatz-like problem in order to actually prove it. [[Mother of Giants]] are all TMs formed by filling in the missing transition in <code>1RB1LE_0LC0LB_0LD1LC_1RD1RA_---0LA</code> with different values. | ||
For a math problem encoded into a Π<sub>2</sub> statement, it can't encode into a TM halting problem, but it can encode into a TM quasihalting problem, so a BBB cryptid can be constructed from this problem. | For a math problem encoded into a Π<sub>2</sub> statement but not a Π<sub>1</sub> statement, it can't encode into a TM halting problem, but it can encode into a TM quasihalting problem, so a BBB cryptid can be constructed from this problem. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Name !! BBB domain !! Machine !! Date !! Discoverer !! Note | ! Name !! Behaviour !! BBB domain !! Machine !! Source !! Date !! Discoverer !! Note | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Mother of Giants]] | |[[Mother of Giants]] | ||
|Probviously quasihalting. | |||
|[[Beeping Busy Beaver|BBB(5)]] | |[[Beeping Busy Beaver|BBB(5)]] | ||
|{{ | |{{WrapTM|Machine code|1RB1LE_0LC0LB_0LD1LC_1RD1RA_1RC0LA|non_halt}} and 3 others | ||
|Found "in the wild". | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Apr 2022 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Apr 2022 | ||
|[[User:Sligocki|Shawn Ligocki]] | |[[User:Sligocki|Shawn Ligocki]] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
|Fermat Primes | |||
|Quasihalts iff there are only finitely many Fermat primes. | |||
|[[Beeping Busy Beaver|BBB(16)]] | |||
|{{WrapTM|Machine code (beep state: P)|1LO1LA_0LI0LC_0LD1LC_1RE1LD_0LF0RG_0RE1LF_0RH1RG_1RB1RH_---0LJ_1LK1LJ_1RA0LL_0LM0LL_0RN1RO_1RN1LA_1RO1RP_0LA0RB|non_halt}} | |||
|[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/tree/main/fermatprimesinf calr3 GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |||
|[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | |||
|Not independently verified. | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Twin prime#Twin_prime_conjecture|Twin prime conjecture]] | |[[wikipedia:Twin prime#Twin_prime_conjecture|Twin prime conjecture]] | ||
|Quasihalts iff Twin Prime conjecture is false. | |||
|[[Beeping Busy Beaver|BBB(18)]] | |[[Beeping Busy Beaver|BBB(18)]] | ||
| | |{{WrapTM|Machine code (beep state: N)|1LB1RA_0LH0LC_0LD1LC_1RE1LD_0LF0RG_0RE1LF_0RA1RG_1RP1LI_1RL1LJ_1RP1LK_1RL1LK_0RM1RL_---0RN_0LB1RO_0LB1RO_1LQ1RP_1RR1LQ_---0RM|non_halt}} | ||
{{WrapTM|Machine code (beep state: N)|1LB1RA_0LH0LC_0LD1LC_1RE1LD_0LF0RG_0RE1LF_0RA1RG_1RP1LI_1RL1LJ_1RP1LK_1RL1LK_0RM1RL_---0RN_0LB1RO_0LB1RO_1LQ1RP_1RR1LQ_---0RM|non_halt}} | |[https://github.com/calr3/tinycryptids/tree/main/twinprimes calr3 GitHub] | ||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | ||
|[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | |[[User:Frogmatic|Charlie Reams]] | ||
| | |Not independently verified. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Collatz | |Collatz | ||
|Quasihalts iff the [[wikipedia:Collatz conjecture|Collatz conjecture]] is false. | |||
|[[Beeping Busy Beaver|BBB(17)]] | |[[Beeping Busy Beaver|BBB(17)]] | ||
|https://github.com/Mira-Cult/math/blob/main/turing-machines/collatz-beeping17/README.md | |{{WrapTM|Machine code (beep state: O)|1RL0RB_1LC1RB_0LK0LD_1RE1LD_0RF0RB_0LG0LG_1LH1LG_0RA0RI_1RJ1RI_1RF1RF_0RA1LK_0LM0LM_0LN1LM_1RO1LN_0RA0RP_0RQ1RP_1RL1RQ|non_halt}} | ||
|[https://github.com/Mira-Cult/math/blob/main/turing-machines/collatz-beeping17/README.md Mira-Cult GitHub] | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | ||
|[https://github.com/Mira-Cult Mira Cult] | |[https://github.com/Mira-Cult Mira Cult] | ||
| | |Not independently verified. | ||
|} | |} | ||
== | |||
=== BitChanger === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 431: | Line 508: | ||
|mxdys | |mxdys | ||
|Similar random walk mechanism to Bigfoot. Probviously non-halting. Found "in the wild". | |Similar random walk mechanism to Bigfoot. Probviously non-halting. Found "in the wild". | ||
|} | |||
=== Boolfuck === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Name !! Domain !! Machine !! Date !! Discoverer !! Note | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|[[Boolfuck|BB_boolf(24)]] | |||
|<code>*>*>*[>[*<<]*>*[<<]*>*>]</code> | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Oct 2026 | |||
|sheep | |||
|Similar random walk mechanism to Bigfoot. Probviously non-halting. Translation of the smallest known BitChanger cryptid. | |||
|} | |||
=== CounterScript === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Name !! Domain !! Machine !! Date !! Discoverer !! Note | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|[[CounterScript|BBCS(23)]] | |||
|<code><nowiki>A++; B++; while B {while A {A--; C++; E++; while D {D--; E--;} while E {C++; D++; E--;}} C>>A; D>>B*3; B--;}</nowiki></code> | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Jun 2026 | |||
|sheep | |||
|Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. | |||
|} | |||
=== Fractran === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Name !! Domain !! Machine !! Date !! Discoverer !! Note | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Fractran#Fenrir|Fenrir]] | |[[Fractran#Fenrir|Fenrir]] | ||
| Line 480: | Line 593: | ||
|maksandchael | |maksandchael | ||
|Similar to Space Needle, probviously non-halting. | |Similar to Space Needle, probviously non-halting. | ||
|} | |||
=== Lambda Calculus === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Name !! Domain !! Machine !! Date !! Discoverer !! Note | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|[[Lambda Calculus|BBλ(74)]] | |[[Lambda Calculus|BBλ(74)]] | ||
|<math>(\lambda1111(\lambda1)1(\ | |<math>(\lambda1111(\lambda1)1(\lambda2))(\lambda\lambda\lambda1(322222))</math> | ||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Apr 2025 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Apr 2025 | ||
|50_ft_lock | |50_ft_lock | ||
|Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. | |Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. | ||
|} | |||
=== Pebble Automaton === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Name !! Domain !! Machine !! Date !! Discoverer !! Note | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 515: | Line 628: | ||
|sheep | |sheep | ||
|Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. | |Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. | ||
|} | |||
=== Post Tag System === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Name !! Domain !! Machine !! Date !! Discoverer !! Note | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|[[Post Tag System|BB_PT(11)]] | |||
|<code>11111_20_1</code> | |||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Jul 2026 | |||
|sheep, [[User:Sligocki|Shawn Ligocki]] | |||
|This machine halts iff 5 eventually converges to 1 under the 5n+3 map. | |||
|} | |||
=== Register machine === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Name !! Domain !! Machine !! Date !! Discoverer !! Note | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 552: | Line 686: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|RH | |RH | ||
|[[Register machine|MBB( | |[[Register machine|MBB(130)]] | ||
|https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304397519304633 | |https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304397519304633 | ||
|style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Feb 2020 | |style="white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"|Feb 2020 | ||
|Yuri Matiyasevich | |Yuri Matiyasevich | ||
|The machine halts if and only if the [[wikipedia:Riemann_hypothesis|Riemann hypothesis]] is false. | |The machine halts if and only if the [[wikipedia:Riemann_hypothesis|Riemann hypothesis]] is false. | ||
|} | |||
=== Wang Tiles === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Name !! Domain !! Machine !! Date !! Discoverer !! Note | |||
|- | |- | ||
|ZFC | |ZFC | ||
Latest revision as of 07:41, 9 November 2026

Cryptids are Turing Machines whose behavior (when started on a blank tape) can be described completely by a relatively simple mathematical rule, but where that rule falls into a class of unsolved (and presumed hard) mathematical problems. This definition is somewhat subjective (What counts as a simple rule? What counts as a hard problem?). In practice, most currently known small Cryptids have Collatz-like behavior. In other words, the halting problem from blank tape of Cryptids is mathematically-hard.
If there exists a Cryptid with n states and m symbols, then BB(n, m) cannot be solved without solving this hard math problem.
The name Cryptid was proposed by Shawn Ligocki in an Oct 2023 blog post announcing the discovery of Bigfoot.
Cryptids at the Edge
This is a list of notable Minimal Cryptids (Cryptids in a domain with no strictly smaller known Cryptid). All of these Cryptids were "discovered in the wild" rather than "constructed".
| Name | BB/BBi domain | Machine | Date | Discoverer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bigfoot | BB(3,3) BBi(8) | 1RB2RA1LC_2LC1RB2RB_---2LA1LA (bbch)
|
Nov 2023 | Shawn Ligocki | Probviously non-halting. |
| Hydra | BB(2,5) BBi(9) | 1RB3RB---3LA1RA_2LA3RA4LB0LB0LA (bbch)
|
May 2024 | Daniel Yuan | Probviously non-halting. |
| Bonus cryptid | BB(2,5) BBi(9) | 1RB3RB---3LA1RA_2LA3RA4LB0LB1LB (bbch)
|
May 2024 | Daniel Yuan | Probviously non-halting. |
| Antihydra | BB(6) | 1RB1RA_0LC1LE_1LD1LC_1LA0LB_1LF1RE_---0RA (bbch)
|
Jun 2024 | mxdys, shown to be a Cryptid by Racheline.
|
Same as Hydra but starting iteration from 8 instead of 3 and with termination condition O > 2E instead of E > 2O, hence the name Antihydra.
|
| Lucy's Moonlight | BB(6) | 1RB0RD_0RC1RE_1RD0LA_1LE1LC_1RF0LD_---0RA (bbch)
|
Mar 2025 | Racheline | Probviously halting. |
| BB(6) | 1RB1RC_1LC1LE_1RA1RD_0RF0RE_1LA0LB_---1RA (bbch)
|
Jul 2024 | mxdys
|
Variant of Hydra and Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB1LD_1RC1RE_0LA1LB_0LD1LC_1RF0RA_---0RC (bbch)
|
Aug 2024 | mxdys
|
Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB0LD_1RC1RF_1LA0RA_0LA0LE_1LD1LA_0RB--- (bbch)
|
Sep 2024 | Daniel Yuan | Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB0LB_1LC0RE_1LA1LD_0LC---_0RB0RF_1RE1RB (bbch)
|
Nov 2024 | Racheline | Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. | |
| Space Needle | BB(6) | 1RB1LA_1LC0RE_1LF1LD_0RB0LA_1RC1RE_---0LD (bbch)
|
Jan 2025 | mxdys
|
Probviously non-halting. |
| BB(6) | 1RB1RA_0RC1RC_1LD0LF_0LE1LE_1RA0LB_---0LC (bbch)
|
Jul 2024 | mxdys
|
Has near-identical behavior to 16 related BB(6) holdouts. Probviously halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB1RE_1LC1LD_---1LA_1LB1LE_0RF0RA_1LD1RF (bbch)
|
Jul 2024 | Racheline | Probviously halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB0RE_1LC1LD_0RA0LD_1LB0LA_1RF1RA_---1LB (bbch)
|
Jul 2024 | Racheline | Probviously halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB0LC_0LC0RF_1RD1LC_0RA1LE_---0LD_1LF1LA (bbch)
|
Jul 2024 | Racheline | Probviously halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB0LC_1LC0RD_1LF1LA_1LB1RE_1RB1LE_---0LE (bbch)
|
Nov 2024 | Racheline | Probviously halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB---_0RC0RE_1RD1RF_1LE0LB_1RC0LD_1RC1RA (bbch)
|
Nov 2024 | Racheline | Probviously halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB0LD_1RC1RA_1LD0RB_1LE1LA_1RF0RC_---1RE (bbch)
|
Jul 2025 | mxdys
|
Probviously halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB1LE_0LC0LB_1RD1LC_1RD1RA_1RF0LA_---1RE (bbch)
|
Jul 2024 | Racheline | Probviously decidable. Estimated to have a 3/5 chance of becoming a translated cycler and a 2/5 chance of halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB0RB_1LC1RE_1LF0LD_1RA1LD_1RC1RB_---1LC (bbch)
|
Aug 2024 | mxdys, shown to be a Cryptid by DrDisentangle | Similar to Space Needle, probviously non-halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB1LA_0LC0RC_1LE1RD_1RE1RC_1LF0LA_---1LE (bbch)
|
Apr 2026 | sheep, shown to be a Cryptid by Daniel Yuan | Similar to Space Needle, probviously non-halting. | |
| BB(6) | 1RB1LD_1RC0LE_1LA1RE_0LF1LA_1RB0RB_---0LB (bbch)
|
Feb 2025 | Racheline | Probviously halting. |
The following machines have chaotic behavior, but have not been classified as Cryptids due to seemingly lacking a connection to any known open mathematical problems, such as Collatz-like problems.
1RB1RE_1LC0RA_0RD1LB_---1RC_1LF1RE_0LB0LE(bbch)1RB0LD_1LC0RA_1RA1LB_1LA1LE_1RF0LC_---0RE(bbch)1RB---0RB0LA2RA_2LB2LA3RA4LB0LB(bbch)1RB3LA1LA1RA3RA_2LB2RA---4RB1LB(bbch)1RB3LA1LA1RA1RA_2LB2RA---4RB1LB(bbch)1RB3LB---4LA1RB_2LA4LA4LB3RB1RA(bbch) Analysis by @mxdys
Larger Cryptids
A more complete list of notable known Cryptids over a wider range of states and symbols. These Cryptids were all "constructed" rather than "discovered". The best known bounds for each problem (with respect to BB(...), BB(..., n), and BBi(...)) are shown in bold.
| Name | Behaviour | BB Domain | Instructions | Machine | Source | Date | Discoverer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZFC consistency | Halts iff Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice is inconsistent. | BB(432) | Wade's machine | ajwade on codeberg.org | Aug 2025 | Wade, based on work by CatIsFluffy and O'Rear | This also covers ZFC. | |
| BB(215) | BBi(430) | Machine code | VladimirReshetnikov on GitHub | Oct 2026 | Vladimir Reshetnikov | Machine-checked in Peano-Arithmetic by Elliot Glazer. | ||
| BB(152,9)
BB(143,11) BB(117,12) |
BBi(376) | calr3 GitHub | Nov 2026 | Charlie Reams | Not independently verified. | |||
| Peano Arithmetic consistency | Halts iff Peano arithmetic is inconsistent. | BB(372) | BBi(742) | LegionMammal978 GitHub | 2026 | LegionMammal | Discord announcement | |
| Riemann Hypothesis | Halts iff the Riemann hypothesis is false. | BB(744) | Machine code | metamath-turing-machines GitHub | 2016 | Matiyasevich and O’Rear | ||
| BB(120) | BBi(238) | Machine code | arxiv | Sep 2026 | Joseph M. Shunia | |||
| BB(95) | BBi(189) | Machine code | DeepMind GitHub | Oct 2026 | Google DeepMind | Not independently verified. | ||
| Goldbach | Halts iff Goldbach's conjecture is false | BB(25) | BBi(49) | Machine code
1RB1RD_1LC1RB_0RA1LC_0LQ1RE_0LF1RG_0LC1LF_0LF0LH_1LQ1LI_0RJ0LI_1RK0LJ_0RL0RS_1RL0RM_1RN1RM_0LO0LU_0LP1LO_1RH1LX_1LR1LQ_0RK0LT_1LR1RS_---1RC_1LV1LU_0LW0LJ_0RK0LW_1RY1LX_1RE1RY (bbch) |
GitHub | May 2016 | anonymous | Its behavior has been verified in Lean.[1] |
| BB(21) | BBi(41) | Machine code
1LJ0RF_0RJ1RD_1RP1LC_---1RE_0LO1RG_1LQ1RF_0RH0LH_0LM1LU_1RB0LI_1RJ0RK_1RL1RK_0LM0LS_1LN1LM_1LO0LC_1LQ1LO_1RD1RP_0RA0LR_0RB1LR_1LT1LS_0LU0LI_0RB0LU (bbch) |
DeepMind GitHub | Oct 2026 | Google DeepMind | Not independently verified. | ||
| BB(10,6) | BBi(34) | Machine code
1RD3LB---------5RF_0RD2RC2LB3LB---5RD_0LE2LB2RC3RC2LB5LE_1LD1LI1RD3LB------_0RH1RE1LE4LE1RA1LI_---1RG------------_---1RA------------_---1RH------1RH1LI_1RF5LJ------------_0RF1LJ---------1LJ (bbch) |
calr3 GitHub | Oct 2026 | Charlie Reams | Not independently verified. | ||
| Fermat prime | Halts if and only if there is a Fermat prime greater than 65537. | BB(25) | BBi(44) | Machine code
1LB---_1LC---_1LD---_1LE---_1LF---_1LG0LO_0LY0RM_0LF0LI_0LJ1LI_1RK1LJ_0LL0RM_0RG1LL_0RN1RM_1RH1RN_1LP1LO_1RY0LQ_0LR0LQ_0RS1RT_1RS1LY_1RT1RU_0RV0RH_0RV0RW_0LZ1LX_0LX1LY_1LT1LY (bbch) |
calr3 GitHub | Oct 2026 | Charlie Reams | Includes Lean formalization. Not independently verified. |
| Erdős Ternary Conjecture | Halts iff Erdős Problem 406 is false. | BB(15) BB(5,4) |
BBi(19) | BB(15) machine
1RB1RO_0RC0RC_0RD1RJ_0LE1RC_0LF1LK_0LG1LE_0LH1LF_1RI0LL_0RB1LK_1RC0RA_0LI1LN_1RM---_0RI0RO_0LK1LK_1LM1RA (bbch)BB(5,4) and BBi(19) machine
1RB3RA2RA1RB_0LC2RB1RA3RB_0LD1LC2LE3LC_3RE2RE---1RE_0RB1LE2LE3LE (bbch) |
bbchallenge, bbchallenge | Jul 2021 | Tristan Stérin (@cosmo) and Damien Woods
|
Erdős #406 is the conjecture that "For all n > 8, there is at least one 2 in the base-3 representation of 2^n." arxiv preprint. The BB(15) machine's behavior has been verified in Lean.[2] |
| BB(14) | BBi(27) | Machine code
1LB1RA_1LC1LB_0RD0RA_1LM0RE_1LF1RE_0LJ1LG_1RK0LH_1RI1LH_0LJ0RE_0RD1LJ_0LL1RK_1RN0LC_0LN---_0RK0LM (bbch) |
Announced on Discord | Oct 2026 | Tristan Stérin | Its behavior has been verified in Lean.[3] | ||
| Erdős Ternary Conjecture variant | Halts iff the following conjecture (a variant of #406) is false: "For all n > 0, there is at least one 1 in the base-3 representation of 2^n - 1." | BB(4,4) | BBi(15) | Machine code
1RB2RA1RB3RA_0LC3RB2RB1RA_1RZ1LD2LC3LC_0RA1LD2LD3LD (bbch) |
Announced on Discord | Oct 2026 | roromachine14 | Not independently verified. |
| Sloane Ternary Conjecture | Halts if and only if the following conjecture by N. J. A. Sloane is false: "For all n > 15, there is at least one 0 in the base-3 representation of 2^n." | BB(6,4) | BBi(21) | Machine code
2RB2RB1RA3RA_0LC1RB3RB2RA_0LE1LD2LC3LC_0RB1LD2LD3LD_1RD2RD3RD0LF_1RE2RZ------ (bbch) |
Oct 2026 | User:Loader3229 | Not independently verified. | |
| Ternary Conjecture variant | Halts if and only if a n such that 17*2^n has no digit 2 in base-3 exists. | BB(15) | BBi(29) | Machine code
1RB1LB_1LA1RN_0RE1RD_0RC1RC_0LH1RC_0LG1LH_---1LF_1LF0LL_0LJ1LK_0RD1LI_1LI0LL_1LM1LN_0LI0LI_0RO1LL_1LL0LO (bbch) |
Oct 2026 | Jacobzheng | ||
| Weak Collatz | Halts iff the weak Collatz conjecture is false. | BB(124) BB(43,4) |
BBi(121) | bbchallenge, bbchallenge | Jul 2021 | Tristan Stérin | The weak Collatz conjecture states that the iterated Collatz map (3x+1) has only one cycle on the positive integers (4 -> 2 -> 1 -> 4). This is a weakened version of the usual Collatz conjecture, since it does not exclude the possibility of integers that are not part of any cycle at all. Not independently verified. | |
| BB(14) BB(10,3) |
BBi(26) | BB(14) machine code
BB(10,3) and BBi(26) machine code
2RG0RB---_1LC1RB2LC_0LI0LD2LD_1RE1LD1LF_2RC0RB---_0RJ2RG---_1RH1RG1RH_2LI1RC1RH_0RA1LI1LI_0LI1RJ1RZ (bbch) |
calr3 on GitHub | Oct 2026 | Charlie Reams | Includes Lean formalization. BB(14) verified by Shawn Ligocki. | ||
| Odd multiply perfect | Halts iff an odd multiply perfect greater than 1 exists. | BB(23,3) | BBi(63) | Machine code
1RO0RB2RF_1LL1RB2RC_0RC0LD2LI_0LD1LD2LE_1RA1LE0RA_0RF1LG2LM_0LG1LG2LH_0RA1LH0RA_1LI---2LJ_1LK1LJ1LK_1LL1LK---_2RA1LS---_1LM---2LN_0RO1LN2RR_2LW0RP2LJ_1LQ1RP2RP_1RO1LQ2LQ_2LG1RR2RR_0RT0LS0LS_0RT1RT2RU_0LV0RU0RU_0LV---2LW_2LB1LW--- (bbch) |
Discord | Jul 2024 | kg583 | Not independently verified. |
| Odd perfect | Halts iff an odd perfect exists. | BB(37) | BBi(71) | Machine code | calr3 GitHub | Oct 2026 | Charlie Reams | Includes Lean formalization. Not independently verified. |
| Brocard | Halts iff Brocard's problem n! + 1 = m2 has a solution with n > 7, i.e. beyond the known solutions n = 4, 5, 7.
|
BB(34) | BBi(66) | Machine code | GitHub (PR to google-deepmind/cryptids) | Nov 2026 | Daniel Veljjanoski | Keeps n!/8 in unary and tests it for triangularity (n! + 1 = m2 forces m = 2k + 1, n!/8 = k(k+1)/2). Includes a Lean formalization (kernel-checked; PR pending).[4] An earlier 61-state machine with a Lean proof is by Charlie Reams (calr3 GitHub, Nov 2026); a 43-state table without a machine-checked proof is in arXiv:2605.20215.
|
| Kurepa | Halts if and only if Kurepa's conjecture is false. | BB(38) | BBi(65) | Machine code | calr3 GitHub | Oct 2026 | Charlie Reams | Includes Lean formalization. Not independently verified. |
| Sierpiński | Halts iff 78,557 is the smallest Sierpiński number. | BB(60) | BBi(104) | Machine code | calr3 GitHub | Oct 2026 | Charlie Reams | Includes Lean formalization. Not independently verified. |
| Riesel | Halts iff 509,203 is the smallest Riesel number. | BB(68) | BBi(112) | Machine code | loader3229 GitHub | Oct 2026 | User:Loader3229 and DeepSeek | Includes Lean formalization. Not independently verified. |
| Fermat's Last Theorem | Does not halt. | BB(400) | Not provided. | Studies in Turing Machines (1965), pp. 81--82 | 1965 | James Randels | From Randels' doctoral dissertation Studies in Turing Machines (1965). The machine was a cryptid until Wiles resolved Fermat's Last Theorem in 1994; it is now known that it cannot halt. The machine is not explicitly given, but there is a flowchart to construct the machine, and the state count is claimed to be less than 400. | |
| BB(90) | BBi(160) | Machine code | calr3 GitHub | Oct 2026 | Charlie Reams | Includes Lean formalization. Not independently verified. | ||
| Bigfoot - compiled | Halts iff Bigfoot halts. | BB(7) | BBi(13) | Machine code
|
Bigfoot comment | June 2024 | @Iijil1
|
Compilation of Bigfoot into 2 symbols, there was a previous compilation with 8 states. |
| Hydra - compiled | Halts iff Hydra halts. | BB(9) | BBi(15) | File:Hydra 9 states.txt | June 2024 | @Iijil1
|
Compilation of Hydra into 2 symbols, all confirmed by Shawn Ligocki. @Iijil1 provided 24 TMs which all emulate the same behavior.
Announced on Discord. Previous compilation had 10 states, by Daniel Yuan, also confirmed by Shawn Ligocki. |
Cryptids for other BB-style functions
Beeping Busy Beaver
Cryptids were actually noticed in the Beeping Busy Beaver problem before they were in the classic Busy Beaver. See Mother of Giants describing a "family" of Turing machines which "probviously" quasihalt, but requires solving a Collatz-like problem in order to actually prove it. Mother of Giants are all TMs formed by filling in the missing transition in 1RB1LE_0LC0LB_0LD1LC_1RD1RA_---0LA with different values.
For a math problem encoded into a Π2 statement but not a Π1 statement, it can't encode into a TM halting problem, but it can encode into a TM quasihalting problem, so a BBB cryptid can be constructed from this problem.
| Name | Behaviour | BBB domain | Machine | Source | Date | Discoverer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother of Giants | Probviously quasihalting. | BBB(5) | Machine code and 3 others
|
Found "in the wild". | Apr 2022 | Shawn Ligocki | |
| Fermat Primes | Quasihalts iff there are only finitely many Fermat primes. | BBB(16) | Machine code (beep state: P)
1LO1LA_0LI0LC_0LD1LC_1RE1LD_0LF0RG_0RE1LF_0RH1RG_1RB1RH_---0LJ_1LK1LJ_1RA0LL_0LM0LL_0RN1RO_1RN1LA_1RO1RP_0LA0RB (bbch) |
calr3 GitHub | Oct 2026 | Charlie Reams | Not independently verified. |
| Twin prime conjecture | Quasihalts iff Twin Prime conjecture is false. | BBB(18) | Machine code (beep state: N)
1LB1RA_0LH0LC_0LD1LC_1RE1LD_0LF0RG_0RE1LF_0RA1RG_1RP1LI_1RL1LJ_1RP1LK_1RL1LK_0RM1RL_---0RN_0LB1RO_0LB1RO_1LQ1RP_1RR1LQ_---0RM (bbch) |
calr3 GitHub | Oct 2026 | Charlie Reams | Not independently verified. |
| Collatz | Quasihalts iff the Collatz conjecture is false. | BBB(17) | Machine code (beep state: O)
1RL0RB_1LC1RB_0LK0LD_1RE1LD_0RF0RB_0LG0LG_1LH1LG_0RA0RI_1RJ1RI_1RF1RF_0RA1LK_0LM0LM_0LN1LM_1RO1LN_0RA0RP_0RQ1RP_1RL1RQ (bbch) |
Mira-Cult GitHub | Oct 2026 | Mira Cult | Not independently verified. |
BitChanger
| Name | Domain | Machine | Date | Discoverer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size 23 BitChanger programs | }}}<[}<}[}<<<]}}<[<<]}}]*
|
Apr 2025 | mxdys | Similar random walk mechanism to Bigfoot. Probviously non-halting. Found "in the wild". |
Boolfuck
| Name | Domain | Machine | Date | Discoverer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BB_boolf(24) | *>*>*[>[*<<]*>*[<<]*>*>]
|
Oct 2026 | sheep | Similar random walk mechanism to Bigfoot. Probviously non-halting. Translation of the smallest known BitChanger cryptid. |
CounterScript
| Name | Domain | Machine | Date | Discoverer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BBCS(23) | A++; B++; while B {while A {A--; C++; E++; while D {D--; E--;} while E {C++; D++; E--;}} C>>A; D>>B*3; B--;}
|
Jun 2026 | sheep | Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. |
Fractran
| Name | Domain | Machine | Date | Discoverer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fenrir | BBf(22) | [1/15, 27/77, 49/3, 10/49, 33/2] and 2 others
|
Mar 2026 | Jason Yuen (@-d) and Claude Opus 4.6 | Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. Found "in the wild". |
| Frankenstein's Monster | BBf(23) | [1/12, 9/10, 14/3, 121/2, 5/7, 3/11]
|
Dec 2025 | Shawn Ligocki | Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. |
| Antihydra-like Cryptid | BBf(23) | [9/10, 1/6, 1331/2, 14/3, 5/7, 3/11]
|
Dec 2025 | maksandchael | Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. |
| 11 Hydra-like Cryptids | BBf(23) | too many to display - see page | Aug 2026 | Jason Yuen (@-d) and Claude Opus 4.6 | Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. Found "in the wild". |
| Hydra - compiled | BBf(25) | [363/14, 125/2, 22/21, 1/3, 7/11, 14/5]
|
Dec 2025 | maksandchael | Compilation of Hydra. |
| BMO 1 - compiled | BBf(36) | [153/55, 2/11, 26/35, 3/7, 11/17, 7/13, 25/6, 55/2, 14/3]
|
Nov 2025 | maksandchael | Compilation of BMO 1. |
| BBf(48) | [77/2, 2/99, 17/33, 13/11, 285/119, 17/19, 1375/51, 1/17, 3/5, 243/7, 10/13]
|
Nov 2025 | maksandchael | Similar to Space Needle, probviously non-halting. |
Lambda Calculus
| Name | Domain | Machine | Date | Discoverer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BBλ(74) | Apr 2025 | 50_ft_lock | Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. |
Pebble Automaton
| Name | Domain | Machine | Date | Discoverer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| peBBle(12) | 00_00_00_40_10_00_00_08_41_11_00_a1
|
Oct 2026 | User:AlephSquirrel | Similar to BMO 1. | |
| peBBle(86) | https://discord.com/channels/960643023006490684/1535695107448381591/1554751839721750569 | Sep 2026 | sheep | Similar random walk mechanism to Hydra, Antihydra. Probviously non-halting. |
Post Tag System
| Name | Domain | Machine | Date | Discoverer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BB_PT(11) | 11111_20_1
|
Jul 2026 | sheep, Shawn Ligocki | This machine halts iff 5 eventually converges to 1 under the 5n+3 map. |
Register machine
| Name | Domain | Machine | Date | Discoverer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MBB(8) | 0+B_1-FC_2-GD_0-EF_1+C_2+A_2-EH_1-B*
|
Oct 2026 | Shawn Ligocki | Similar to Space Needle, probviously non-halting. An equivalent machine was analyzed. Found "in the wild". | |
| Needle 1 | MBB(8) | 0+B_1+C_2-AD_1-EH_2+F_1-DG_0-EB_2-C*
|
Oct 2026 | sheep | Similar to Space Needle, probviously non-halting. Found "in the wild". |
| Hydra - compiled | MBB(10) | 0-BF_1+C_1+D_0-EH_1+A_2+G_2+I_2-I*_0+J_1-IA
|
Jun 2025 | Shawn Ligocki | Compilation of Hydra. |
| 5n+1 | MBB(12,2) | 0+B_0+C_0+D_0+E_1-IF_1+G_0-HE_0-FJ_0+A_1-KL_0+J_0-H*
|
Oct 2026 | sheep | This machine halts iff 7 eventually converges to 1 under the 5n+1 map. |
| Erdős Ternary Conjecture | MBB(19) | 4+B_4+C_0+D_0+E_2-CF_0-GI_2+H_1+F_1-JN_1-KN_1-LM_3+I_0+N_3-OQ_1+P_3-OI_0-RS_0-RE_4-E*
|
Sep 2026 | mineralli | The machine halts if and only if the following conjecture by Erdős is false: "For all n > 8, there is at least one 2 in the base-3 representation of 2^n." |
| RH | MBB(130) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304397519304633 | Feb 2020 | Yuri Matiyasevich | The machine halts if and only if the Riemann hypothesis is false. |
Wang Tiles
| Name | Domain | Machine | Date | Discoverer | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZFC | BBWT(11487) | https://github.com/jconorgrogan/k230-wang-tiles-lean | Oct 2026 | jconorgrogan | These Wang tiles tile the whole integer plane if and only if Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice is consistent. Not independently verified. |
References
- ↑ https://github.com/lengyijun/goldbach_tm
- ↑ https://github.com/google-deepmind/cryptids/blob/main/Cryptids/Semantics/ErdosTernary15.lean
- ↑ https://github.com/google-deepmind/cryptids/tree/main/artifacts/erdos_ternary_14
- ↑ https://github.com/veljjanoski/cryptids/blob/brocard-41/Cryptids/Semantics/Brocard34.lean